In chapter 1 lesson 6, we break down the fundamentals of CNC toolpaths and how cutting strategies impact both the finish and cost of your parts.

We’ll cover the difference between roughing and finishing passes, how and why stock is left behind, and how multiple tools are used to balance speed and precision. From there, we’ll explore key concepts like radial and axial stock, tool deflection, and how tool size affects internal features. We’ll also introduce climb cutting versus conventional cutting and how cutting direction influences surface finish and machining efficiency.

What you’ll learn in this episode:

• The difference between roughing and finishing passes
• Why stock is left behind and how it improves results
• How tool size affects detail and internal radii
• The impact of tool deflection on accuracy and finish
• The difference between climb cutting and conventional cutting
• How cutting strategies influence cost, quality, and efficiency